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Compartmentation Guide

Fire Compartmentation Explained: A UK Guide

Fire compartmentation divides a building into fire-resisting areas so that fire and smoke are less able to spread unchecked. The effectiveness of a compartment depends on the complete boundary, including walls, floors, doors, cavities and service penetrations.

Use this guide as a practical introduction, then check the relevant tested system and manufacturer documentation before selecting or installing a product.

Use This Guide

Understand the principle first

Use this guide as a practical introduction, then check the relevant tested system and manufacturer documentation before selecting or installing a product.

Product Selection Guide

Compartmentation Guide

Quick Guide

Fire compartmentation divides a building into fire-resisting areas so that fire and smoke are less able to spread unchecked. The effectiveness of a compartment depends on the complete boundary, including walls, floors, doors, cavities and service penetrations.

Key Points

What You Need to Know

Walls & Floors

Create the principal fire-resisting boundaries.

Fire Doors

Protect necessary openings within compartment walls.

Service Penetrations

Require appropriate tested fire stopping.

Cavity Barriers

Help restrict concealed fire and smoke spread.

Key Principle

What Is Fire Compartmentation?

Fire compartmentation is the use of fire-resisting construction to subdivide a building into defined areas. The objective is to help contain fire and smoke for a period specified by the building design or fire strategy.

A compartment is only as effective as its weakest point, so doors, joints, cavities and penetrations need to be considered alongside the main walls and floors.

Practical Guidance

How Compartment Walls and Floors Work

Compartment walls and floors form the primary fire-resisting boundaries between areas of a building. Their required performance depends on the design and applicable requirements.

Openings through these elements should be limited and appropriately protected so that the fire-resisting function is not undermined.

Selection & Application

Why Service Penetrations Matter

Pipes, cables, trays, ducts and other services often pass through compartment boundaries. These openings can provide a route for fire, smoke and heat if they are not protected by a suitable tested system.

Fire stopping around penetrations may involve batts, collars, wraps, sealants, compounds or other components depending on the construction and service type.

Important Detail

Cavities and Concealed Fire Spread

Concealed cavities can allow fire and smoke to travel beyond the room of origin without being immediately visible. Cavity barriers and other compartmentation details are used to subdivide or close cavities where required.

The correct approach depends on the cavity construction, location and tested system details.

Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

Fire compartmentation divides a building into fire-resisting areas using elements such as walls, floors, doors and protected openings.

It helps restrict the spread of fire and smoke, supports protected routes and limits the area affected by a fire.

Unprotected service penetrations, damaged fire doors, incomplete wall or floor construction and poorly protected cavities can all affect compartmentation.

Yes. Fire stopping helps protect joints, gaps and service penetrations that pass through fire-resisting construction.

No. Cavity barriers are used within concealed cavities, while compartment walls are primary fire-resisting elements. Their functions are related but not identical.

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